porsche

In a May 2006 survey, Porsche was awarded first place as the most beautiful car automobile brand by Luxury Institute, New York; it questioned more than 500 households with a gross annual income of at least $200,000 and a net worth of at least $750,000 ([1]). The current Porsche lineup includes sports cars from the Boxster roadster to their most famous product, the 911. The Cayman is a hard top car similar to the Boxster. The Cayman features a slightly higher price range. The Cayenne is Porsche's mid-size luxury SUV. The Carrera GT supercar was recently phased out in May 2006. Future plans include a high performance luxury saloon/sedan, the Panamera. Also, Porsche is a leader in modern turbocharging technology, being the first to use a variable geometry turbocharger in a gasoline powered production automobile.

Porsche was awarded the 2006 J.D. Power award for highest initial quality of automobile brands.

As a company, Porsche is known for weathering changing market conditions with great financial stability, while retaining most production in Germany during an age when most other German car manufacturers have moved at least partly to Eastern Europe or overseas.^{citation needed]} The headquarters and main factory are still at Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen, but the Cayenne (and formerly the Carrera GT) is produced at Leipzig, in former East Germany. Most Boxster and Cayman production is outsourced to Valmet Automotive in Finland. The company has been highly successful in recent times, and indeed claims to be the most profitable car company in the world (in terms of profit margin per unit sold; its absolute profits would be dwarfed by Toyota) [2].

Porsche has for many years offered consultancy services to various other car manufacturers. Studebaker, SEAT, Daewoo, Subaru and Yugo have consulted Porsche on engineering for their cars or engines. Porsche also helped Harley-Davidson design their new engine in their newer V-Rod motorcycle.

In racing, Porsche's main rival has traditionally been Ferrari. Commercially, however, Ferrari sells far fewer cars at much higher prices than Porsche; there are no Ferraris under $100,000US, for example, while almost all Porsches are priced below that figure. Porsche's traditional rivals for the daily-driver marketplace are its fellow fellow German automakers Mercedes-Benz and BMW, whose lines more directly match Porsche's (compare the BMW 3-series to the Boxster, or the X5 with the Cayenne). Ferrari, on the other hand, competes more directly with firms such as Lamborghini, Aston Martin, and Maserati.

History

The first Porsche, the Porsche 64 from 1938, used many components from the Volkswagen Beetle. The second Porsche model and first production car, the Porsche 356 sports car of 1948, was initially built in Gmünd, Austria, where the company was evacuated to during war times, but after building 49 cars the company relocated back to Zuffenhausen. Many people regard the 356 as the first Porsche simply because it was the first model sold by the fledgling company. Ferdinand Porsche worked with his son Ferry Porsche in designing the 356 but died soon after the first prototype was built. Again, the car used components from the Beetle including its engine, gearbox and suspension. However, the 356 had several evolutions while in production and many VW parts were replaced by Porsche-made parts. The last 356s were powered by entirely Porsche designed engines. The sleek bodywork was designed by Erwin Komenda who had also designed the body of the Beetle.

In 1963, after some success in motor-racing (namely with the Porsche 550 Spyder), the company launched the Porsche 911, another air-cooled, rear-engined sports car, this time with a 6-cylinder "boxer" engine. The team to lay out the bodyshell design was led by Ferry Porsche's eldest son Ferdinand Alexander Porsche (F.A.). The design phase for the 911 caused internal problems with Erwin Komenda who led the body design department until then. F.A. Porsche complained Komenda made changes to the design not being approved by him. Company leader Ferry Porsche took his son's drawings to neighbouring bodyshell manufacturer Reuter bringing the design to the 1963 state. Reuter's workshop was later acquired by Porsche (so-called Werk II). Afterwards Reuter became a seat manufacturer, today known as Keiper-Recaro. The 911 has become Porsche's most well-known model, successful on the race-track, in rallies, and in terms of sales. Far more than any other model, the Porsche brand is defined by the 911. It remains in production; however, after several generations of revision, current-model 911s share only the basic mechanical concept of a rear-engined, six-cylinder coupe, and basic styling cues with the original car. A cost-reduced model with the same body but 356-derived running gear (including its four-cylinder engine) was sold as the 912.

The company has always had a close relationship with Volkswagen, and as already mentioned, the first Porsche cars used many Volkswagen components. The two companies collaborated in 1969 to make the VW-Porsche 914 and 914-6, in 1976 with the Porsche 912E (USA only) and the Porsche 924, which used many Audi components and was built at an Audi Neckarsulm factory. Most 944s were also built there even though they used many fewer VW components. The Porsche Cayenne, introduced in 2002, shares its entire chassis with VW Touareg, which are built at the Škoda factory in Bratislava. Both Audi and Škoda are wholly-owned subsidiaries of VW. In late 2005, Porsche took an 18.65% stake in VW, further cementing their relationship and preventing a takeover of VW, which was rumored at the time. Speculated suitors included DaimlerChrysler, BMW and Renault.

In 1972 the company's legal form was changed from limited partnership to private limited company (german AG), because Ferry Porsche and his sister Louise Piëch felt their succeeding generation did not team up well. This led to the foundation of an executive board whose members came from outside the Porsche family, and a supervisory board consisting mostly of family members. With this change, no family members were in operational charge of the company. F.A. Porsche founded his own design company, Porsche Design, which is renowned for exclusive sunglasses, watches, furniture and many other luxury articles. Ferdinand Piëch who was responsible for mechanical development of Porsche's serial and racing cars before founded his own engineering bureau and developed a 5-cylinder-inline Diesel engine for Mercedes-Benz. Short time later he changed to Audi and made his career through the whole company including the Volkswagen Group boards.

First CEO of Porsche AG was Dr. Ernst Fuhrmann who had been working at Porsche's engine development before. Fuhrmann (being responsible for the so-called Fuhrmann-engine used in the 356 Carrera models and the 550 Spyder having four ohc-camshafts instead of a central camshaft in the Volkswagen-derived serial engines) planned to cease the 911 during the 70s and replace it with the V8-front engined grand sportswagon 928. As we know today the 911 outlived the 928 by far. Fuhrmann was replaced in the early 80s by Peter W. Schutz, an American manager and self-proclaimed 911 aficionado. He was replaced in 1988 by the former manager of German computer company Nixdorf Computer AG, Arno Bohn, who made some expensive misdecisions leading to his dismissal soon after along with that of development director Dr. Ulrich Bez, formely responsible for BMW's Z1 model and today CEO of Aston Martin. The interim CEO was longtime Porsche employee Heinz Branitzki before Dr. Wendelin Wiedeking became CEO in 1993. Wiedeking took over the board's chair at a point in time when Porsche appeared vulnerable to a takeover by a bigger company. During his nearly 14-year tenure, Wiedeking has remade Porsche into a very efficient and profitable company.

In 1990, Porsche had a memorandum of understanding with Toyota to learn and benefit from Japanese production methods. Currently Toyota is assisting Porsche with Hybrid technology, rumored to be making its way into a Hybrid Cayenne SUV.

Ferdinand Porsche's grandson, Ferdinand Piëch, was chairman and CEO of the Volkswagen Group from 1993 to 2002. Today he is chairman of the supervisory board. With 12.8 per cent of the Porsche voting shares, he also remains the second largest individual shareholder of Porsche AG after his cousin F.A. Porsche (13.6 per cent).

Porsche's 2002 introduction of the Cayenne also marked the unveiling of a new production facility in Leipzig, Saxony, which once accounted for nearly half of Porsche's annual output. The Cayenne Turbo S has the second most powerful production engine in Porsche's history (with the most powerful belonging to the Carrera GT).

In 2004, production of the 605 horsepower Carrera GT commenced in Leipzig, and at EUR 450,000 ($440,000 in the United States) it was the most expensive production model Porsche ever built.

As of 2005, the extended Porsche and Piech families controlled all of Porsche AG's voting shares. In early October 2005 the company announced acquisition of an 18.53% stake in Volkswagen AG and disclosed intentions to acquire additional VW shares in the future. As of June 2006, Porsche AG's stake in Volkswagen had risen to 25.1%, giving Porsche a blocking minority, whereby Porsche can veto large corporate decisions undertaken by VW.

In mid-2006, after years of the Boxster (and later the Cayenne) as the dominant Porsche in North America, the 911 regained its position as Porsche's backbone in the region. However, recently the Cayenne has slightly surpassed 911 sales. The 911 and Cayenne currently take about a third of Porsche's sales each. Slightly over a tenth of Porsche's sales consist of the Boxster, and the Cayman take up more than a fifth (the Cayman's high sales can be explained by the recent expansion of the line). Total Porsche sales in the United States and Canada hover between 2,000 and 3,000 a month.

In Germany the 911 cleary outsells the Boxster/Cayman and Cayenne. ^[1]

Motor-racing

Porsche has been successful in many branches of motor-racing, scoring a total of more than 28,000 victories.

As Porsche had only small capacity road and racing cars in the 1950s and 1960s, they scored many wins in their classes, and occasionally also overall victories against bigger cars, most notably winning the Targa Florio in 1956, 1959, 1960, 1964 and every year from 1966-1970 in prototypes that lacked horsepower relative to the competition but made up for it with reliability and handling. A notable early success in the USA was an overall win in the 1964 Road America 500 in an under 2 litre rs-60 driven by Bill Wuesthoff and Augie Pabst.

Particular success has been in sports car racing, notably the Carrera Panamericana and Targa Florio, races which were later used in the naming of street cars. Also, they did well in the Mille Miglia and especially 24 hours of Le Mans where they have won 16 times overall (more than any other company), plus many class wins.

Porsche started racing with lightweight, tuned derivatives of the 356 road car, but rapidly moved on to campaigning dedicated racing cars, with the 550, 718, RS and RSK models being the backbone of the company's racing programme through to the mid 1960s. The 90x series of cars in the 60s saw Porsche start to expand from class winners who stood a chance of overall wins in tougher races where endurance and handling mattered to likely overall victors - engines grew from two litre units to three litres in the 908 and to 4.5 and eventually five litres in the 917. Meanwhile, the 911 was establishing a reputation in production-based racing, and in rallying.

The Porsche 917 is considered one of the most iconic sports racing cars of all time and gave Porsche their first Le Mans win, while open-top versions of it came to utterly dominate Can-Am racing. After dominating Group 4, 5 and 6 racing in the 1970s with the 911-based 934 and 935, and the prototype 936, Porsche moved on to dominate Group C and IMSA GTP in the 1980s with the Porsche 956/962C: one of the most prolific and successful sports prototype racers ever produced. Porsche scored a couple of unexpected Le Mans wins in 1996-7 - a return to prototype racing in the USA was planned for 1995, with a Tom Walkinshaw Racing chassis formerly used as the Jaguar XJR-14 and the Mazda MXR-01 fitted with a Porsche engine. IMSA rule changes legislated this car out of the running, and the private Jöst (Joest) team raced the cars in Europe for two years, winning back-to-back Le Mans with the same chassis (a feat Porsche had also achieved in the 956 era; contrasting with the 1960s and 1970s where most cars ran only one or two races for the works before being sold on).

Porsche regards racing as an essential part of ongoing engineering development - it was traditionally very rare for Porsche racing cars to appear at consecutive races in the same specification. Some aspect of the cars was almost invariably being developed, whether for the future race programme or as proof of concept for future road cars.

Many Porsche race cars are run successfully by customer teams, financed and run without any factory support - often they have beaten the factory itself. Recently, 996-generation 911 GT3s have dominated their class at Le Mans and similar endurance and GT races.

The various versions of the 911 also proved to be serious competitor in Rally as long as the regulations allowed them to compete. The Porsche works team was only present very occasionally in rallying in the 1960s and 1970s, but the best private 911s were often close to other brand works cars. Jean-Pierre Nicolas even managed to win the 1978 Monte Carlo Rally with a private 911 SC. The Paris Dakar Rally was won twice, too using the 911 derived Porsche 959 Group B supercar.

Porsche has also participated in single seater racing with mixed results; Formula Two cars initially based on the RSK sports racer first appeared in the late 1950s and enjoyed some success; these cars moved up to Formula One in 1961 and in 1962 a flat-eight powered 804 produced Porsche's only win as a constructor in a championship race, claimed by Dan Gurney at the 1962 French Grand Prix. One week later, he repeated the success in front of Porsche's home crowd on Stuttgart's Solitude in a non-championship race. At the end of the season, Porsche retired from F1 due to the high costs and lack of success. Privateers continued to enter the out-dated Porsche 718 in F1 until 1964.

Porsche returned to Formula One in 1983 after nearly two decades away, supplying engines badged as TAG units for the McLaren Team. The TAG engine was designed to very tight requirements issued by McLaren's John Barnard - he specified the physical layout of the engine to match the design of his proposed car. The engine was funded by TAG who retained the naming rights to it, although the engines bore "made by Porsche" identification. TAG-Porsche-powered cars took two constructor championships in 1984 and 1985 and three driver crowns in 1984, 1985 and 1986. Porsche returned to F1 again in 1991 as an engine supplier, however this time with disastrous results: Porsche-powered Footwork cars failed to score a single point, and failed to even qualify for over half the races that year; Porsche has not participated in Formula One since.

Porsche attempted an Indianapolis 500 entry in the late 1970s with a turbocharged 911-based engine in a bespoke car for Danny Ongais and the Interscope team; failure to agree turbo boost levels with USAC meant that this was shelved (though the engine later became the basis of that used in the 956 and 962). They returned to CART in the 1980s with a turbo V8 in their own 2708 chassis, but this did not enjoy any success and a March chassis scored their only successes.

Porsche has sponsored the Carrera Cup and Supercup racing series by providing cars and support since 1990. The late 1990's saw the rise of racing success for Porsche with The Racer's Group, a team owned by Kevin Buckler in Northern California. In 2002, Buckler won the 24 Hours of Daytona GT Class and the 24 Hours of Le Mans GT Class. In 2003, a 911 run by The Racers Group (TRG) became the first GT Class vehicle since 1977 to take the overall 24 Hours of Daytona victory.

Stock and lightly-modified Porsches are raced in many competitions around the world; some of these are primarily amateur classes for enthusiasts, but the Porsche Michelin Supercup is a wholly professional category raced as a support category for European Formula One rounds.

Porsche dropped its factory motorsports programs during the turn of the century (preferring to support privateers) for financial reasons - an LMP1 prototype with a V10 engine similar to that used in the Carrera GT was abandoned, unraced; Porsche has only recently made a comeback with the new RS Spyder prototype and even this is run by closely-associated customer teams rather than by the works. Based on LMP2 homologation regulations, the RS Spyder made its debut for Roger Penske's team at Laguna Seca during the final race of the 2005 ALMS season and immediately garnered a class win in the LMP2 class and finishing 5th overall. The RS Spyder clearly possesses the pace to challenge the Audi and Lola P1 cars in the ALMS on all but the fastest circuits.

Major Victories and Championships

Porsche cars :

• 14 Makes and Team World Championship (1964, 1969, 1970, 1971, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1994)
• 8 Long Distance World Championship
• 3 IMSA Supercar-Series (1991, 1992, 1993)
• 6 German Racing Championship (1977, 1979, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985)
• 20 European Hill Climbing Championship
• 20 Daytona 24 Hour (1968, 1970, 1971, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1989, 1991, 1995, 2003)
• 15 IMSA Supercar-Race (USA)
• 16 Le Mans 24 Hour (1970, 1971, 1976, 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1998)
• 17 Sebring 12 Hour (1960, 1968, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988)
• 11 Targa Florio (1956, 1959, 1960, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1973)
• 4 Rallye Monte Carlo (1968, 1969, 1970, 1978)
• 2 Paris-Dakar Rallye (1984, 1986)
• 1 Formula 1 victory (1962)

TAG-Porsche engine in McLaren cars :

• 3 Formula 1 Driver World Championship (1984, 1985, 1986)
• 2 Formula 1 Constructor World Championship (1984, 1985)
• 25 Formula 1 victories (1984, 12 wins; 1985, 6 wins; 1986, 4 wins; 1987, 3 wins)

Famous owners

• Joshua Bell - owns a 911 turbo
• Miles Collier, Jr. - grandson to Barron Collier, purchased the renowned seventy-one car collection of Briggs Cunningham and combined some of it with his own, that includes about twenty Porsche race cars—including their class winners at Sebring, the Porsche 904GT in 1964 and Porsche 917K (Kurzheck) in 1970—when he created a museum dedicated to his father Miles, and uncles, Sam and Barron Jr., who founded the 1933 Automobile Racing Club of America that metamorphosed in 1944 into the Sports Car Club of America
• James Dean - died on the way to a hospital after a crash in his silver Porsche 550 Spyder, caused when he was cut off by another driver, in September 1955 near Cholame, California
• Bill Gates - briefly was jailed in Albuquerque for racing his Porsche 911 in the New Mexico desert; imported a Porsche 959 which was impounded by U.S. Customs
• Janis Joplin - owned a Porsche 356-C Cabriolet that was extravagantly and psychedelically painted for her by Dave Richards to match her public persona
• Steve McQueen - raced Porsche prototypes, owned a Porsche 356 Speedster, a Porsche 908, a Porsche 917, and made a movie dedicated to the 24 Hours of Le Mans
• Carl Sagan - astronomer, astrobiologist, scientist, and a highly successful science popularizer—remembered for his articulate explanations of astronomical and cosmological research while commenting upon space exploration to the public—whose Porsche license plate bore the name of a moon of another planet in our solar system
• Jerry Seinfeld - rumoured to own one of the largest collections of Porsche automobiles in the world
• Lake Underwood - Porsche's Quiet Giant —so named by Excellence magazine (the magazine about Porsche)— has several historic Porsches among his collection

Pronunciation of "Porsche"

"Porsche", a proper name, is pronounced correctly as, PORSH-uh (IPA /ˈpɔɹʃə/) (correct pronunciation (help·info)), which is how members of the Porsche family pronounce their name.

Some, unfamiliar with the correct pronunciation, tend to vocalize the e, which results in their mispronouncing it, as Por-SCHA (/pɔɹˈʃʌ/) and others use the monosyllabic porsh (/pɔɹʃ/), which also is a mispronunciation.

• The correct pronunciation of 'Porsche'

Models

See: Category:Porsche vehicles

Tractors

• Porsche Type 110
• Porsche AP Series
• Porsche Junior (14 hp)
• Porsche Standard (25 hp)
• Porsche Super (38 hp)
• Porsche Master (50 hp)
• Porsche 312
• Porsche 108F
• Porsche R22
• Porsche AP16

Consumer models

• 356 (1948-1965)
• 550 Spyder (1953-1957)
• 911 (1964-Present)
  • 911 (1964-1989)
    • 930 (1975-1989)
  • 964 (1989-1993)
  • 993 (1993-1998)
  • 996 (1998-2004)
  • 997 (2004-Present)
• 912 (1965-1969)
• 914 (1969-1975)
• 924 (1976-1988)
• 928 (1978-1995)
• 944 (1982-1991)
• 959 (1986-1988)
• 968 (1992-1995)
• Boxster (1996-Present)
  • 986 (1996-2005)
  • 987 (2005-Present)
• Cayenne (2002-Present)
• Carrera GT (2004-2006)
• Cayman (2006-Present)
• Panamera (2009-Unknown)

NOTE: models in bold are current models

North American Monthly Sales Chart (September 2006)

NOTE: this information is from an official Porsche document and is a record of Porsches sold in the United States and Canada during August 2006.

Racing models

• 64
• 360 Cisitalia
• 550 Spyder
• 718
• 804
• 904
• 906
• 907
• 908
• 909 Bergspyder
• 910
• 911
• 914
• 917
• 934
• 935
• 936
• 924
• 944
• 956
• 959
• 961
• Porsche-March 89 P
• WSC Joest Spyder
• RS Spyder

NOTE: models in bold are current models

Prototypes and concept cars

• Porsche 114
• Porsche 356/1
• Porsche 695 (911 prototype)
• Porsche 901 (911 prototype)
• Porsche 916 (flat-6 914)
• Porsche 959 Prototype
• Porsche 942
• Porsche 969
• Porsche Panamericana
• Porsche 989
• Porsche Varrera
• Porsche Boxster Concept
• Porsche Carrera GT Concept
• Porsche E2

See also

• Ferdinand Porsche (founder)
• Ferry Porsche (Ferdinand Anton Ernst Porsche, 2nd generation, creator of the 356)
• F.A. Porsche (Ferdinand Alexander Porsche, 3rd generation, designer of the 911)
• Porsche Design Group
• List of Porsche engines
• CTS Car Top Systems
• Club Sportiva (A sports car sharing club with Porsche as a featured marque)

External links

Official

• Porsche official website
  • Porsche Canada
  • Porsche Germany
  • Porsche UK
  • Porsche USA
    • Porsche models
      • 911 (997) models at official Porsche website
      • Boxster models at official Porsche website
      • Cayman models at official Porsche website
      • Cayenne models at official Porsche website
    • Porsche History
    • Porsche Racing History
    • Previous Porsche road models
    • Previous Porsche racing models
    • Recent Porsche AG press releases
    • Porsche Motorsports
    • Shop Porsche USA

Associates

• Porsche Museum at Porsche official website
• Porsche Zuffenhausen at Porsche official website
• Porsche Leipzig official website
• Porsche Design Group official website
• Valmet Automotive official website
• Champion Motorsport official website
• Christophorus Magazine at Porsche official website
• WTA Tour Championships official website

Clubs

• Porsche Club of America
• Porsche Club of Great Britain
• Porsche Club of Germany
• Porsche Club of Norway
• Porsche Club of Sweden
• Porsche Club of NSW
• Porsche Owners Club