Overpainting by definition must be done over some type of underpainting, in a system of working in layers. If the underpainting is like a base rhythm in music, then the overpainting is like the solo. The underpainting gives a context in which the paint-strokes of the overpainting become more resonant and powerful. When properly done, overpainting does not need to completely obscure the underpainting. It is precisely the interaction of the two that gives the most interesting effects.
Overpainting was used extensively in many schools of art. Some of the most spectacular results can be seen in the work of Jan van Eyck. Unfortunatlely, it can be difficult to distinguish overpainting from underpainting in finished historical artworks in the absence of scientific tests. An example of overpainting can be seen in the contemporary still life painting of Hanneke van Oosterhout.
References:
Rijksmuseum Amsterdam
Max Doerner
Search Term: "Overpainting"
Category: Painting techniques
