henri de toulouse-lautrec

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec (November 24, 1864 – September 9, 1901) was a French painter, printmaker, draftsman, and illustrator, whose immersion in the decadent and theatrical life of fin de siècle Paris yielded an oeuvre of provocative images of modern life.

Biography

Youth

Henri Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec Monfa was born in Albi, Tarn in the Midi-Pyrénées Region of France, the firstborn child of Comte Alphonse and Comtesse Adèle de Toulouse-Lautrec. An aristocratic family that had recently fallen on hard times, the Toulouse-Lautrecs were still feeling the effects of the inbreeding of past generations; the Comte and Comtesse were first cousins, and Henri suffered from a number of congenital health conditions attributed to this tradition of intermarriage (see below). A younger brother was born to the family on August 28, 1867, but died the following year.

Disfiguration

At ages 13 and 14, Henri fractured his left and right thigh bones, respectively. The breaks did not heal properly (modern physicians attribute this to an unknown genetic disorder along the lines of osteoporosis or osteogenesis imperfecta), and his legs ceased to grow, so that as an adult he was only 4'6" (1.4m) tall, having developed an adult-sized torso but retained his child-sized legs.

Physically unable to participate in most of the activities typically enjoyed by men his age, Toulouse-Lautrec immersed himself in his art. He became an important post-Impressionist painter, art nouveau illustrator, and lithographer and recorded in his works many details of the late-19th century bohemian lifestyle in Paris. Toulouse-Lautrec also contributed a number of illustrations to the magazine Le Rire during the mid-1890s.

Paris

He was declared to be "the soul of Montmartre", the Parisian quarter where he made his home. His paintings portray life at the Moulin Rouge and other Montmartre and Parisian cabaret and theaters, and in the brothels that he frequented (and where he perhaps contracted syphilis). Two of the well-known people he portrayed were singer Yvette Guilbert, and Louise Weber, known as the outrageous La Goulue, a dancer who created the "French Can-Can."

Toulouse-Lautrec gave painting lessons to Suzanne Valadon, one of his models (and, by all accounts, probably his mistress as well, from whom he is believed to have contracted syphilis).

An alcoholic for most of his adult life, he was placed in a sanatorium shortly before his death. He died from complications due to alcoholism and syphilis just before his 37th birthday, at the family estate in Malromé; he is buried in Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres from his birthplace. His last words were reportedly "Vieil imbécile!" ("Old fool"), in reference to his father, who was present at the scene.

Tremblement de Terre

The invention of the Tremblement de Terre (Earthquake) cocktail is attributed to Toulouse-Lautrec, a potent mixture containing half Absinthe and half Cognac.

Legacy

After his death, his mother, the Comtesse Adèle Toulouse-Lautrec, and Maurice Joyant, his art dealer, promoted his art. His mother contributed funds for a museum to be built in Albi, his birthplace, to house his works. As of 2005, his paintings had sold for as much as $14.5 million.

Depiction in films

• Lautrec is a biographical movie directed by Roger Planchon and was released in 1998 [1].
• He is portrayed by John Leguizamo in the film Moulin Rouge! and by Jose Ferrer in the John Huston classic Moulin Rouge (without the exclamation point).
• In both Revenge of the Pink Panther and Casino Royale, a character portrayed by comedian Peter Sellers tries on a Toulouse-Lautrec costume.
• On an episode of Bottom (Dough) Rik Mayall's character Richie drinks a pint of absinthe and says "and they said Toulouse-Lautrec used to drink this, no wonder his legs fell off and his paintings were crap".
• There is an episode of The Inspector entitled "Toulouse La Trick" (an obvious play on words on Lautrec's name). In the episode, The Inspector must guard a villain named Toulouse Le Moose, whose only similarity to Lautrec (besides the first name) is that he has a large upper body set on a small pair of legs.
• In the episode "Squidward the Unfriendly Ghost" of SpongeBob SquarePants, SpongeBob carries Squidward on a palanquin, Squidward complains that it's "too cold" in one spot, so SpongeBob moves him to another that is "too hot", than finally to a spot that is "Toulouse-Lautrec" (complete with sting), the background a parody of Lautrec's "La Troupe de Mlle. Eglantine".
• In the Monty Python's Flying Circus episode A Book at Bedtime, the animated segment spoofs Impressionism by portraying Toulouse-Lautrec as a Western gunfighter in "No Time Toulouse, the Story of the Wild and Lawless Days of the Post-Impressionists".

Selected works

• Alone
• Ambassadeurs: Aristide Bruant. (Aristide Bruant)
• At the Moulin Rouge: Two Women Waltzing
• Avril (Jane Avril)
• Rue des Moulins: The Medical Inspection
• The Toilette
• The Two Girlfriends
• Two Half-Naked Women Seen from behind in the Rue des Moulins Brothel
• Woman Pulling up her Stocking
• Yvette Guilbert Greeting the Audience. (Yvette Guilbert)
• May Belfort (singing Daddy Wouldn't Buy Me a Bow-wow)