benjamin west
For other persons named Benjamin West, see Benjamin West (disambiguation).
Self Portrait of Benjamin West, ca. 1763
Benjamin West (October 10, 1738 – March 11, 1820) was an Anglo-American painter of historical scenes around and after the time of the American War of Independence.
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Contents
- 1 Life and career
- 2 Major works
- 2.1 Works Cited
- 2.2 Books About Benjamin West
- 2.3 External links
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Life and career
Born in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania as the tenth child of an innkeeper, Benjamin West was an autodidact. While excelling at the arts, "he had little [formal] education and, even when president of the Royal Academy, could scarcely spell."(Hughes, 70) From 1746 to 1759, West worked in Pennsylvania painting portraits while fostered by the provost of the College of Philadelphia, Dr. William Smith. Also, during this time West met John Wollaston, a famous painter who immigrated from London. West picked up on many of Wollaston's techniques dealing with the shimmer of silk and satin as well as some of "his mannerisms, the most prominent of which was to give all his subjects large almond-shaped eyes, which clients thought very chic."(Hughes, 71) In 1759, he moved to Italy where he expanded his repertoire by copying the works of Italian painters such as Titian and Raphael.
West was a close friend of Benjamin Franklin, whose portrait he painted. Franklin was also the godfather of West's second son, Benjamin.
In 1763, West moved to England, where he was commissioned by King George III to create portraits of members of the royal family. The king himself was twice painted by him. He painted his most famous, and possibly most influential painting, The Death of General Wolfe, in 1770, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1771. Although originally snubbed by Reynolds and others as over ambitious, the painting became one of the most frequently reproduced images of the period.
In 1772, King George appointed him historical painter to the court at an annual fee of £1,000. West became friends with the English portraitist Sir Joshua Reynolds and founded the Royal Academy of Arts with Reynolds in 1768. He was the second president of the Royal Academy from 1792 to 1805. He was re-elected in 1806 and was president until his death in 1820. He was Surveyor of the King's Pictures from 1791 until his death.
West is known for his large scale history paintings, which use expressive figures, colours and compositional schemes to help the spectator to identify with the scene represented. West called this "epic representation".
He died in London.
Major works
“Death of General Wolfe” (1770)
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“Penn’s Treaty with the Indians” (1771)
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“Agrippina Landing at Brundisium with the Ashes of Germanicus” (1768)
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“Death on the Pale Horse” (1796)
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“Omnia Vincit Amor” or “The Power of Love in the Three Elements” (1809)
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Benjamin West
Works Cited
- Hughes, Robert. American Visions. New York: Random House, 1997.
- Brenner, Barbara. The Boy Who Loved to Draw: Benjamin West. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1999. ISBN 0-618-31089-4 (a children's picture book)
Books About Benjamin West
- Henry, Marguerite and Wesley Dennis. Benjamin West and His Cat Grimalkin. New York: Macmillan ; London: Collier Macmillan, 1987, c1947. ISBN 0-02-743660-8. (A biography of Benjamin West for children).
- Galt, Life of Benjamin West, (London, 1820)
- Samuel Isham, History of American Painting, (new edition, New York, 1915)
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