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breast milk
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breast milk

For the album by the Red Hot Chili Peppers, see Mother's Milk.

Breast milk usually refers to the milk produced by a human female which is usually fed to infants by breastfeeding. It provides the primary source of nutrition for newborns, before they are able to digest more diverse foods.

Contents

  • 1 Production
  • 2 Composition
  • 3 Comparison to other milks
  • 4 See also
  • 5 External links

Production

Under the influence of the hormones prolactin and oxytocin, women produce milk after pregnancy to feed their baby. The initial milk produced is often referred to as colostrum, which is high in the immunoglobulin IgA, which coats the gastrointestinal tract. This helps to protect the newborn until its own immune system is functioning properly along with creating a mild laxative effect, expelling meconium and helping to prevent the build up of bilirubin (a contributory factor in jaundice).

Composition

The exact integrated properties of breast milk are not entirely understood, but the nutrient content after this period is relatively consistent and draws its ingredients from the mother's food supply. If that supply is found lacking, content is obtained from the mother's bodily stores. The exact composition of breast milk varies from day to day, depending on food consumption and environment, meaning that the ratio of water to fat fluctuates. Foremilk, the milk released at the beginning of a feed, is watery, low in fat and high in carbohydrates relative to the creamier hindmilk which is released as the feed progresses. The breast can never be truly "emptied" since milk production is a continuous biological process.

Though now it is almost universally prescribed, in the 1950s the practice of breastfeeding went through a period where it was out of vogue and the use of infant formula was considered superior to breast milk.

However, today it is now recognized that there is no commercial formula that can equal breast milk. In addition to the appropriate amounts of carbohydrate, protein and fat, breast milk also provides vitamins, minerals, digestive enzymes and hormones - all of the things that a growing infant will require. Breast milk also contains valuable antibodies from the mother that may help the baby to resist infections.

Women who are breastfeeding should consult with their physician regarding things that can be unwittingly passed to the infant via breast milk, such as alcohol, viruses (HIV or HTLV-1) or medications.

If a woman is unable to breastfeed her child for any reason, then a suitable commerically prepared formula must be found. Cow's milk should never be used as a substitute until the infant is 1 year old. Introducing cow milk to an infant's diet any earlier may lead to allergies to dairy products.

Comparison to other milks

All mammal species produce milk, but the composition of milk for each species varies widely and other kinds of milk are often very different from human breast milk.

Whole cow's milk does not contain sufficient Vitamin E, iron, or essential fatty acids, which can make infants fed on cow's milk anemic. Whole cow's milk also contains excessive amounts of protein, sodium, and potassium which may put a strain on an infant's immature kidneys. In addition, the protein and fat in whole cow's milk are more difficult for an infant to digest and absorb than breast milk. [1] Evaporated milk may be easier to digest due to the processing of the protein but is still nutritionally inadequate. A significant minority of infants are intolerant of lactose or allergic to one or more of the consitituents of cow's milk. These problems can also affect formula milk derived from cow's milk.

Goat's milk does not contain agglutinin, which means that the fat globules in goat's milk do not cluster together like they do in cow's milk, which makes goat's milk easier for an infant to digest. Goat's milk also does not contain many of the allergens found in cow's milk. However, like cow's milk, goat's milk is also unsuitable for infants as it can cause intestinal irritation and anemia[2].

See also

  • Male lactation
  • Breast pump
  • Human Milk Banking In North America
  • Infant formula

External links

  • Infant nutrition information from Seattle's Children's Hospital and Regional Medical Center.
  • Comparison of Human Milk and Formula
  • La Leche League Human Milk Storage Information
Search Term: "Breast_milk"

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Here's our top rated breast milk links for the day:

Moms Donate Breast Milk for AIDS Babies 

RedNova - Oct 08 12:14 AM
New mothers in the United States have been donating breast milk for babies in South Africa orphaned by AIDS. The Ithemba Leptu Home in Durban has received 180 liters (about 190 quarts) since the first shipment in April, the Durban Independent reported.

US breast milk for Aids babies a world-first 
Independent Online - Oct 07 1:10 AM
In a touching, life-giving gesture, American mothers have donated their breast milk to help save and nurture babies orphaned by Aids in Durban.

Babies Motor Better with Breast Milk 
Science News - Oct 06 1:12 PM
Physicians have been advocating for years that breast milk is the best food for infants. Not only does it have the nutrition that babies need, but it also provides some antibodies and growth factors that speed maturation of the infant gut, thereby fending off disease.

Intelligence, Breast-Feeding Link Not Due To Milk 
CBS 3 Philadelphia - Oct 06 9:52 AM
Breast-fed children are more intelligent than their bottle-fed counterparts, but this has nothing to do with the content of the milk they receive, a study published in the British Medical Journal said.

Breast babies are smarter, but it might not be the milk 
KARE 11 Minneapolis-St. Paul - Oct 04 12:11 PM
Babies who are breast fed are smarter than those aren't - but it's not the nutrients in a mother's milk which makes them

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